Oxidative stress occurs when some molecules (oxidizing agents)
take electrons from other molecules or atoms. The substances
that can exist with missing electrons are called free radicals.
Most of these free radicals are oxygen molecules or atoms.
Free radicals are highly reactive, always ready to give away
the odd electron, or to accept one. After they find a pair for
the lonesome electron, they lose their activity, but the atom
that has just lost an electron becomes a free radical in turn.
It is an inevitable part of metabolic process. However, too
many free radicals cause a dangerous chain reaction that
destroys cellular compounds and can damage DNA, proteins and
lipids (fats).
Cellular damage can result in diseases, such as cancer, inhibit
enzyme activity and produce mutations in genetic material that
makes aging go faster.
How exactly can oxidative stress speed skin aging?
Wrinkles occur when skin loses its elasticity. The loss of
elasticity is caused by extensive formation and accumulation of
collagen cross-links. Collagen cross-linking is a result of a
chemical process that starts with nonenzymatic attachment of
glucose to a collagen molecule.
When enzymes attach glucose to collagen, there is a reason for
it and a purpose. Nonezymatic attachment, on the other hand, is
random. Collagen cross linking in this case is uncontrollable
and more often than not - unnecessary. Once cross-linking
occurs, it is irreversible.
By inhibiting enzyme production, free radicals lead to chaotic
collagen cross linking.
Metabolism, environmental toxins and pollution are the main
reasons why free radicals exist. Metabolism is a part of life,
sun and toxins are hard to escape. The only way to counteract
free radical damage is to neutralize them as they appear.
Antioxidants (vitamins E, C, carotenes and flavonoids) are an
easy target for free radicals. They catch free radicals and
bond with them, but don't become free radicals themselves. As
soon as a free radical is bonded with an antioxidant molecule,
it loses its activity and is no longer dangerous.
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About The Author
Natalie Katsman, 2004
Natalie Katsman is a co-founder of http://www.natural-aid.com,
where you can find fine quality aloe vera products for beauty
and well-being and subscribe to HealthySkin Newsletter filled
with beauty tips, recipes and information on herbal healing,
skin care and cosmetic chemistry.
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The information of this page is intended for your general knowledge only and is not a substitute for your dermatologist's advice or treatment. For further details, please read our disclaimer.
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